Current global climate models (GCMs) support with high confidence the view that rising greenhouse gases and other anthropogenic forcings account for nearly all observed global surface warming—slightly ...

The spectral composition of the Sun’s output is not constant but varies over multiple timescales, from days to decadal cycles. Solar spectral irradiance variability (SSI) refers to the changes in the ...

Review of NOAA Working Group Report on Maintaining the Continuation of Long-Term Satellite Total Irradiance Observations evaluates NOAA's plan for mitigating the loss of total solar irradiance ...

Research analyzing surface solar radiation data across the past three and coming three decades finds Europe has gotten sunnier at an average rate of 2.4 W per decade. This increase in solar radiation ...

Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation as measured in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. The solar irradiance is ...

Climate data in a report published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate.gov website found that the sun’s solar activity, including overall brightness and sunspot ...

East Asia and Europe saw the highest GHI figures, compared to historical averages, in 2025. Image: Solargis. Parts of China saw solar irradiation levels up to 20% higher than the long-term average ...

Solar Maximum 2025 is the expected peak of solar activity in Solar Cycle 25, characterized by heightened sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections. This peak is anticipated around mid to late ...