After a brief review of the history of the K2-W vacuum-tube op amp, an LTspice model is used to create its schematic in preparation for SPICE simulation. The availability of hierarchical blocks for ...

Introduction to fundamental concepts and applications of electrical engineering. Topics include: circuit analysis from dc resistive networks to networks of impedances operating in the sinusoidal ...

As the basic building blocks used in an extensive array of consumer, industrial, scientific and other applications, op amps (operation amplifiers) are among the most widely used electronic devices, ...

Editor’s note: This article was originally published in EDN on August 1, 1997 and has been rebuilt by Michael Steffes for clarity and added information. It will be referenced many times in Steffes’ ...

The term instrumentation amplifier (INA) often is misused, referring to the application rather than the architecture of the device. Historically, any amplifier that was considered precision (i.e., ...